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The Markarian galaxies are a class of galaxies that have nuclei with excessive amounts of ultraviolet emissions compared with other galaxies. Benjamin Markarian drew attention to these types of galaxies starting in 1963. The nuclei of the galaxies had a blue colour that in a star would be classed from A to F. This blue core did not match the rest of the galaxy. The spectrum in detail tends to show a continuum that Markarian concluded was produced non-thermally. Most of these have emission lines and are interesting because of their energetic activity.〔 〕〔 〕 Markarian Catalogue entries are of the form "Markarian ####", and can frequently use the abbreviations Mrk, Mkr, Mkn; and rarely Ma, Mk, Mark. ==History== In 1964 Markarian decided to search for this kind of galaxy.〔 〕 The First Byurakan Survey commenced in 1965 using the Schmidt telescope at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory. The telescope used a 132 cm mirror and 102 cm correcting plate. When this started it was the largest telescope to have a full aperture objective prism. The purpose of the survey was to find galaxies with an ultraviolet excess.〔 〕 The optics used were corrected for blue violet. Prisms in this had a low dispersion of 180 nm/mm in order not to spread out the galactic core spectrum too much and confuse it with other objects. This permitted classification of galaxies with magnitudes down to 17.5.〔 Seventy galaxies with UV-continuum appeared on lists, and the term "Markarian galaxies" came into use.〔〔 〕〔 〕 Two more lists brought the number of galaxies up to 302 in 1969.〔 〕〔 〕 The FBS continued observations till 1978 with a full spectra survey at high galactic latitudes. 1980 saw the completion of plate analysis and picking the objects that would be included. Twelve more papers with objects from the First Byurakan Survey brought the list up to 1500 galaxies.〔〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕 A list titled ''First Byurakan Survey'' circulated in 1986 included the original 1500 galaxies and 32 extras numbered from 9001 to 9032.〔 〕 In 1989 an extended list numbering up to 1515 was published.〔〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Frequently Asked Questions: NED and other catalogs )〕 In 2005, the Second Byurakan Survey (SBS, SBSSS, BSS, MrkII, Markarian II) was carried out, extending the MrkI survey to fainter objects, making a catalogue of 3563 objects of 1863 galaxies (SBSG) and 1700 stars (SBSS); 761 of the galaxies are AGN (155 Seyferts, 596 quasars, 10 blazars). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Markarian galaxies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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